Cycling has always been a sport of evolution and innovation, and the Chateau d’Ax-Salotti team exemplified this spirit during their remarkable 1990 season. This retrospective delves into the highlights of that transformative year, exploring the pivotal races, standout performances, and the enduring legacy of a team that left an indelible mark on the cycling world.
Chateau d’Ax-Salotti Cycling Team
Founded in 1983 as Mareno-Wilier Triestina, the cycling team quickly established itself as a formidable presence in the professional cycling world. In 1988, it officially became Chateau d’Ax-Salotti. Sponsored by the Italian furniture manufacturer Chateau d’Ax, the team was known for its distinctive kits and strong performances. Over the course of a decade, from 1983 to 1993, Chateau d’Ax-Salotti evolved and adapted, showcasing some of the sport’s most memorable moments and riders.
The 1990 season stood out as a transformative period for Chateau d’Ax-Salotti, characterized by strategic victories and the rise of key riders who would leave a lasting mark on the sport. Despite undergoing various sponsorships and name changes, the team consistently maintained its competitive edge, ultimately evolving into Team Polti in 1993. This retrospective delves into the highlights of the 1990 season, examining pivotal races, standout performances, and the enduring legacy of Chateau d’Ax-Salotti.
The 1990 season was a pivotal period for the Chateau d’Ax-Salotti cycling team, characterized by significant achievements, technological advancements, and dynamic evolution in both equipment and team branding. Renowned for their striking pink and dark blue graphics and equipped with Shimano Dura-Ace gruppos, the team continually evolved and improved throughout the season. As the team celebrated these victories, technological advancements also played a crucial role in their success. The introduction of Shimano’s Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes in 1990 revolutionized the cycling world, setting new standards for performance and reliability.
Gianni Bugno, the team leader, was a standout performer, clinching victories in several key races. His success was bolstered by the strong camaraderie and teamwork within the Chateau d’Ax-Salotti team. Mauro-Antonio Santaromita, serving as a crucial domestique, provided essential support in the mountains and during pivotal stages, enabling Bugno to maintain his lead and secure overall victories. The team’s strategic adoption of new technology further enhanced their competitive edge.
The Chateau d’Ax-Salotti team was renowned for its strong camaraderie and teamwork. Riders like Santaromita played pivotal roles in ensuring the success of their leaders, often sacrificing their own chances for the benefit of the team. This spirit of cooperation and dedication was a hallmark of the team’s approach, contributing to their numerous successes throughout the season. In addition to their teamwork, the evolution of their bike frames also contributed to their competitive edge.
Key Changes Ahead of the 1990 Cycling Season
The transition from 1989 to 1990 brought in new talents such as Luigi Botteon, Giuseppe Calcaterra, Sergio Finazzi, Roberto Gusmeroli, Mario Kummer, Mauro Antonio Santaromita, Jan Schur, and Mario Scirea. These additions infused fresh energy and skills into the team, enhancing their competitive edge.
Conversely, the team bid farewell to several riders from the 1989 roster, including Giovanni Paolo Bottoia, Claudio Corti, Milan Jurčo, and Alessandro Pozzi. These departures marked the end of an era but also paved the way for new strategies and dynamics within the team.
With the new year and tem came new colors. The striking pink and dark blue graphics of the Chateau d’Ax-Salotti team bikes were more than just eye-catching; they symbolized the bold and innovative spirit of the team. Each frame, meticulously crafted and equipped with cutting-edge technology, represented the pinnacle of cycling performance in 1990.
Legacy and Impact
The Chateau d’Ax-Salotti team’s ability to adapt and innovate exemplified their forward-thinking approach. Their distinctive kit and strong performances left a lasting impression on the cycling world, making them a memorable chapter in the sport’s history during the 1990s. The 1990 season, in particular, stands out for its significant achievements, especially those of its leader Gianni Bugno, and the dynamic evolution of both the team and its equipment.
As the team transitioned into Team Polti in 1993 with Bianchi now supplying the frames, they carried forward the legacy of innovation and excellence established during their years as Chateau d’Ax and Moser frames, first with Salotti and then with Gatorade. The story of Chateau d’Ax-Salotti’s 1990 season is one of resilience, adaptation, and a relentless pursuit of excellence, qualities that have cemented their place in cycling history.
The team’s ability to embrace new technologies and maintain a competitive edge showcased their forward-thinking approach. Their distinctive kit and impressive performances left an indelible mark on the cycling world, cementing the Chateau d’Ax-Salotti team as a memorable chapter in the sport’s history during the 1990s.
Moser Leader SC Team Frames
The Moser Leader SC frame, used by Santaromita during the 1990 Chateau d’Ax season, was crafted from ORIA FSB (Fillet Silver Brazed) tubing, renowned for its stiffness and superior performance compared to other frames of that era. SC stands for “Senza Congiunzioni,” which means “without conjunctions” and refers to frames constructed without traditional joints or lugs.
Unlike most professional peloton bikes, the Moser Leader SC was fillet brazed and featured what was described at the time as an integrated seat tube post design. However, “integrated” isn’t entirely accurate by today’s standards, as a seatpost was still necessary. The seat tube extended beyond the top tube, requiring an expander bolt type seatpost, similar to the quill stems used at the time. This frame, combined with the Shimano Dura-Ace 7402 gruppo, created a top-tier racing machine.
Notably, internal rear brake cabling was omitted on all Moser team bikes, starting with the early Leader SC and continuing with the AX frames. As early as 1986, the Moser Leader SC frames made for consumers were produced with internal rear brake cabling. However, extensive examination of period photos reveals that none of the Chateau d’Ax bikes had this feature. This distinction helps identify frames made for professional racing rather than consumer use.
Benefits of Fillet Brazed and Lugless Frame Construction
Fillet brazing and lugless frame construction offer several benefits:
- Design Flexibility: Without the need for lugs, builders can create custom geometries and use tubes of various shapes and sizes. This allows for more personalized and optimized frame designs.
- Smooth Joints: Fillet brazing creates smooth, seamless joints that are aesthetically pleasing and can be easier to clean. The smooth contours also help distribute stress more evenly across the frame.
- Weight Savings: Lugless frames can be lighter because they don’t have the added weight of lugs. Additionally, the tubes can be butted more aggressively, reducing weight while maintaining strength.
- Structural Integrity: The brazing process is gentler on frame tubes because it avoids heating them to temperatures that could compromise their integrity. This method helps preserve the structural strength of the tubes.
- Custom Tube Choices: Builders can use a wider variety of tube sizes and shapes, which can lead to better performance characteristics tailored to each rider’s needs.
Overall, many cyclists and frame builders value fillet brazing and lugless construction for their blend of visual appeal, reduced weight, and versatile design options.
In 1990, Shimano’s Dura-Ace components were becoming increasingly popular in the professional peloton. While exact numbers are hard to pinpoint, several top teams were known to use Dura-Ace components, especially with the introduction of the innovative Dual-Control STI Levers that year. Shimano’s push to provide high-performance, reliable components made Dura-Ace a preferred choice for many competitive teams.
Moreover, the introduction of Shimano’s innovative Dual-Control shifters and Dual-Pivot brakes further enhanced the team’s performance. The revered Campagnolo now had a strong rival in Shimano, as Dura-Ace components began to set new standards in racing technology.
The addition in the 1990 season of Shimano’s innovative Dura-Ace Dual-Control shifters and Dual-Pivot brakes to the Chateau team’s Moser frame arguably made it one of a select group of bikes in the professional peloton equipped with these cutting-edge components, enhancing its performance, and setting a new standard for racing technology.
Chateau d’Ax-Salotti Cycling Team 1990 Season Highlights
Team Roster and Achievements
The Chateau d’Ax-Salotti team boasted a strong roster, including notable riders like Gianni Bugno and Tony Rominger. These riders contributed significantly to the team’s success in various races, including the Giro d’Italia and the Tour de France.
- Gianni Bugno
- Tony Rominger
- Giovanni Fidanza
- Jan Schur
- Giuseppe Calcaterra
- Alberto Volpi
- Mario Kummer
- Camillo Passera
- Roberto Gusmeroli
- Franco Vona
- Mario Scirea
- Valerio Tebaldi
- Mauro Antonio Santaromita
- Stefano Zanatta
- Ennio Vanotti
- Luigi Botteon
- Ettore Badolato
- Sergio Finazzi
- Roberto Amadio
Gianni Bugno’s Achievements
Gianni Bugno was undoubtedly the star of the Chateau d’Ax team, achieving remarkable success in his cycling career. He won the Giro d’Italia in both 1990 and 1991. His 1990 victory was particularly notable as he led the race from start to finish, a rare and impressive feat. In 1991, he successfully defended his title, further cementing his status as one of the top cyclists of his era. Bugno’s remarkable achievements were complemented by the essential support provided by riders like Mauro-Antonio Santaromita.
Bugno also secured victories in stages 11 and 18 of the Tour de France, showcasing his versatility and endurance. Additionally, he triumphed in prestigious one-day races, winning the Milan-San Remo classic and the Wincanton Classic. There is so much already written about Gianni Bugno that I couldn’t do his achievements justice in this brief write-up. His legacy in the world of cycling remains truly impressive.
Mauro Antonio Santaromita
Mauro Antonio Santaromita, born on September 18, 1964, in Varese, Italy, is a former professional road racing cyclist who had a distinguished career spanning from 1984 to 1997. During his career, Mauro participated in four editions of the Tour de France and ten editions of the Giro d’Italia, showcasing his endurance and skill in some of the most challenging races in the cycling world.
His most notable achievement was winning the overall Giro del Trentino in 1989, a testament to his prowess and dedication to the sport.
Cycling is a significant part of the Santaromita family legacy. Mauro’s brother, Ivan Santaromita, also pursued a career in professional cycling, contributing to the family’s reputation in the sport. The passion for cycling continued with Mauro’s son, Alessandro Santaromita, who followed in his father’s footsteps, aiming to make his mark in professional cycling. The Santaromita family’s dedication to cycling is evident through their achievements and ongoing commitment to the sport, making them a remarkable example of a family deeply rooted in cycling history.
Santaromita’s professional cycling career was marked by his association with several prominent teams and numerous memorable moments. He began his career with Magniflex – Centroscarpa from 1986 to 1987, followed by a stint with Alba Cucine – Benotto – Sidermec in 1988. In 1989, he rode for Pepsi-Cola – Alba Cucine, where he achieved one of his standout victories by winning the overall classification at the Giro del Trentino. This significant victory underscored his capabilities as a stage racer.
From 1990 to 1992, Mauro was part of Château D’Ax – Salotti – Huni – Diadora and then Gatorade – Chateau d’Ax, first under Moser and later Bianchi. He continued his career with Ariostea in 1993, ZG Mobili – Selle Italia in 1994, and Gewiss – Ballan in 1995. His final years in professional cycling saw him riding for Gewiss – Playbus in 1996 and MG Boys Maglificio-Technogym in 1997.
Throughout his career, Mauro participated in four editions of the Tour de France and ten editions of the Giro d’Italia, showcasing his endurance and consistency at the highest levels of professional cycling. His journey through these teams and races highlights his dedication and remarkable achievements in the sport.
Another notable achievement was his impressive 8th place finish at the 1987 Coors Classic, where he competed as part of the Magniflex-Centroscarpa team. This performance highlighted his consistency and skill in one of the most challenging stage races of the era. Additionally, in 1988, he delivered a strong performance in the Vuelta a España, finishing 32nd overall, and secured a 34th place finish in the Giro d’Italia the same year. These results demonstrated his ability to compete in multiple Grand Tours within a single season.
Known for his versatility and endurance, Santaromita excelled in stage races, which require a combination of climbing ability, time-trial skills, and consistent performance over multiple days. His notable victory in the 1989 Giro del Trentino, finishing ahead of Claudio Chiappucci and Luca Gelfi, highlighted his strength in multi-stage events. His riding style was characterized by resilience and tactical acumen, allowing him to perform well in both Grand Tours and one-day races. He was not primarily known as a sprinter or a pure climber but rather as an all-rounder who could handle various terrains and race situations effectively.
While Santaromita was a well-respected competitor, he wasn’t particularly known for any high-profile rivalries with other cyclists. His career was more defined by his consistent performances and versatility rather than intense personal rivalries. However, he competed during an era with many strong Italian cyclists, such as Francesco Moser and Giuseppe Saronni, who were known for their own fierce rivalry. Santaromita’s focus on stage races and his role as a reliable team member often placed him in the midst of competitive fields, but his career highlights were more about his individual achievements and contributions to his teams rather than direct rivalries.
Santaromita’s career was distinguished by several key attributes that made him a valuable asset to his teams. He was known for his reliable performances across various races and seasons. Whether it was a Grand Tour or a one-day race, he consistently delivered solid results, making him a dependable rider for his teams. This consistency helped his teams achieve their goals, whether it was securing stage wins, supporting team leaders, or accumulating points for team classifications.
His ability to perform well in different types of races-stage races, one-day classics, and Grand Tours-demonstrated his versatility. He wasn’t limited to a single role or type of race, which allowed his teams to utilize him in various capacities. This adaptability was crucial in both supporting team leaders in mountainous stages and contributing to team efforts in flatter, more tactical races. He excelled in supporting his teammates, particularly in stage races and Grand Tours. His role often involved protecting team leaders, setting pace in the peloton, and helping to control breakaways. His tactical awareness and endurance made him an excellent domestique, someone who works for the benefit of the team rather than personal glory.
Despite his strong team-oriented approach, Santaromita also had notable individual successes. His victory in the 1989 Giro del Trentino previously mentioned is a prime example, showcasing his ability to lead and win significant races.
These individual achievements added to his reputation and provided valuable points and recognition for his teams. Santaromita’s understanding of race dynamics and strategy was another key aspect of his contributions. He knew when to conserve energy, when to attack, and how to position himself and his teammates effectively during crucial moments in races.
This tactical intelligence was invaluable in both achieving team objectives and securing individual results. Overall, Santaromita’s career was marked by a balance of personal achievements and dedicated team support, making him a well-rounded and highly respected cyclist in the professional peloton.
Mauro Antonio Santaromita’s Key Support Roles in 1990
- Giro del Trentino: Mauro Antonio Santaromita was instrumental in supporting Gianni Bugno throughout the race. His efforts in the mountains and during crucial stages helped Bugno maintain his lead and secure the overall victory.
- Stage 1: Santaromita finished in the main group, helping to set a strong pace for his team.
- Stage 2: He continued to support his team leader by maintaining a high tempo in the peloton, ensuring that any breakaways were kept in check.
- Stage 3: Santaromita was instrumental in the mountains, providing crucial support during the climbs and helping to protect his team leader from attacks.
- Stage 4: In the final stage, he played a key role in the team’s strategy, ensuring a strong finish and securing Gianni Bugno’s overall victory.
- Giro d’Italia: Santaromita was crucial in supporting Bugno throughout the race. His efforts were particularly significant in the mountain stages and during key moments, helping Bugno maintain his lead and secure stage wins. Santaromita’s support in the high mountains and his ability to control the pace of the peloton were vital for Bugno’s overall victory.
- Tour de France: Santaromita played a crucial role in supporting Bugno throughout the race. His efforts were especially important in the mountain stages, where he helped Bugno maintain a strong position and secure stage wins. Santaromita’s ability to pace the peloton and provide strategic support was vital for Bugno’s success.
Team Dynamics and Strategy
The Chateau d’Ax-Salotti team was known for its strong team dynamics and strategic racing. Under the guidance of directeur sportif Gianluigi Stanga, the team excelled in both individual and team performances. The collaboration between experienced riders and emerging talents created a formidable lineup that could compete in various terrains and race formats.
Notable Races and Results
- Tirreno-Adriatico: March 7 – March 14, 1990
- Overall victory by Tony Rominger
- Milan-San Remo: March 17, 1990
- Victory by Gianni Bugno
- Giro del Trentino: May 7 – May 10, 1990
- Victory by Gianni Bugno
- Giro d’Italia: May 18 – June 6, 1990
- Overall victory by Gianni Bugno
- Stage wins by Gianni Bugno and Giovanni Fidanza
- Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré: May 28 – June 4, 1990
- Stage win by Tony Rominger
- Tour de France: June 30 – July 22, 1990
- Stage wins by Gianni Bugno
- Wincanton Classic: July 29, 1990
- Victory by Gianni Bugno
These achievements highlighted the team’s versatility and strength across different types of races and terrains.
Chateau d’Ax-Salotti Team’s 1990 Race Calendar
- Tour Méditerranéen Cycliste Professionnel: February 7 – February 11, 1990
- Tirreno-Adriatico: March 7 – March 14, 1990
- Milan-San Remo: March 17, 1990
- Paris-Roubaix: April 8, 1990
- La Flèche Wallonne: April 18, 1990
- Liège-Bastogne-Liège: April 22, 1990
- Vuelta a España: April 24 – May 15, 1990
- Amstel Gold Race: April 28, 1990
- Giro del Trentino: May 7 – May 10, 1990
- Tour de Romandie: May 8 – May 13, 1990
- Giro d’Italia: May 18 – June 6, 1990
- Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré: May 28 – June 4, 1990
- GP du Midi-Libre: June 11 – June 15, 1990
- Tour de Suisse: June 13 – June 22, 1990
- Tour de France: June 30 – July 22, 1990
- Wincanton Classic: July 29, 1990
- Clásica de San Sebastián: August 11, 1990
- Züri Metzgete: August 19, 1990
- Grand Prix des Nations: September 23, 1990
- Trofeo Baracchi: October 13, 1990
- Giro di Lombardia: October 20, 1990
Frame Evolution
The 1990 season was notable for the evolution of the team’s bike frames. They started the new season with holdover 1989 season Moser Leader SC bikes, featuring the red and white paint scheme. This quickly changed to the pink seen on the subject bike as those frames started to arrive in March. Initially, the frames had a pink headtube panel with either white or dark blue MOSER lettering.
This evolved to white Moser lettering on a blue panel, as seen on the subject frame. The season concluded with a pink, blue, and white geometric splinter paint scheme with the adoption of the Moser Leader AX bikes. AX, standing for “Aero” and “Extra,” highlights the frame’s aerodynamic design, although in reality, it was not significantly more aero than the SC frames. It was probably more of an evolution of the design, denoting the change in tubing.
Frame Tubing Changes
Maintaining a fillet-brazed, lugless design, the main change to the Moser-supplied team bikes was in the tubing used in their manufacture. The Leader SC was made from Oria GM 0.0 tubing, known for its durability and performance, popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s for its balance of strength and weight. The Leader AX was constructed from Oria Cromovan tubing, offering a slightly different ride feel, often described as stiff, responsive, yet comfortable. Additionally, the traditional crown and fork blades were replaced with a uni-crown fork on these frames moving forward.
Both frames are highly regarded in the cycling community for their craftsmanship and performance, catering to slightly different preferences and riding styles. The Leader SC is seen as a sturdy, top-class racing bicycle, suitable for long and pleasant rides, and was used by professional cyclists, including Francesco Moser himself. The Leader AX is favored for its stiffness and responsiveness, making it ideal for competitive racing, designed to meet the high demands of professional cycling.
The Rise of Dual-Control Levers and Dual-Pivot Brakes
The year 1990 marked a significant turning point for Shimano in the professional cycling world, primarily due to the introduction of their innovative Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes. Shimano’s STI (Shimano Total Integration) Dual-Control levers revolutionized the cycling component industry by combining brake and gear shifting functions into a single unit. This integration allowed riders to shift gears and brake without changing hand positions, significantly enhancing rider safety, comfort, and overall performance by enabling quicker and more precise gear changes.
Initially met with skepticism, the advantages of these levers quickly became apparent. Riders could shift gears more quickly and safely, especially during high-speed descents and sprints. The redesigned brake hoods, where riders commonly rest their hands, also provided better comfort and control.
Professional teams like 7-Eleven and TVM-Zullo were instrumental in the early beta testing and subsequent adoption of these levers. Their feedback helped Shimano refine the design, ensuring it met the rigorous demands of professional racing. Phil Anderson, riding for the TVM-Zullo team, was pivotal in the development and initial trials of Shimano’s Dual-Control levers.
During a stage of the 1990 Milk Race in Britain, Anderson used the prototype STI levers to great effect. He attacked on the final climb, and by the time his competitors, who were still using traditional downtube shifters, managed to change gears, Anderson had already gained a significant lead.
This demonstration of the STI levers’ efficiency and ease of use was a pivotal moment, showcasing the advantage of being able to shift gears without moving hands from the brake levers, which was a game-changer in race dynamics. Anderson’s success with the STI levers helped convince other professional riders and teams of the benefits of this new technology.
The 7-Eleven team also played an instrumental role in helping Shimano with the initial trials of their early prototypes of the Dual-Control levers. Their feedback and performance testing were crucial in refining the design and functionality of these innovative components.
Riders from the 7-Eleven team, known for their pioneering spirit and willingness to adopt new technology, provided valuable insights that helped Shimano perfect the Dual-Control levers before their official release in July, just in time for the Tour de France, which took place from June 30 to July 22, 1990. This timing allowed professional teams to use the new technology during the race, showcasing its advantages on one of the biggest stages in cycling.
Shimano’s Dual-Pivot brakes, introduced around the same time, further cemented their reputation for innovation. Compared to the single pivot designs that were the standard back then, these brakes provided much better stopping power and modulation. The dual pivot mechanism allowed for more even pressure distribution across the brake pads, resulting in more effective and reliable braking. This was particularly beneficial in the high-speed, high-stakes environment of professional racing, where every fraction of a second counts.
The success of Shimano’s Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes set a new standard in the cycling industry, prompting competitors like Campagnolo to develop their own integrated systems. In 1992, Campagnolo introduced their version, the ErgoPower levers, with their Record and Chorus groupsets. Team Polti was the first to use Campagnolo’s brake lever and shifter combination.
The widespread adoption of this concept not only demonstrated its effectiveness but also set new benchmarks for performance and reliability in cycling technology. These advancements significantly improved the ergonomics and efficiency of gear shifting and braking, making it easier for riders to maintain control and speed.
The impact of these innovations is still felt today, as they laid the groundwork for many modern components used in professional cycling. Shimano and Campagnolo’s continuous improvements have driven the evolution of cycling technology, influencing the design and functionality of contemporary cycling gear. Modern groupsets now feature electronic shifting and hydraulic disc brakes, building on the principles established by these early innovations.
1990 Moser Team Bike Variants
For the 1990 season, there were at least four versions (and one uncommon oddity) of the Moser team bike, as seen in period photographs:
- Pre-season/Very Early 1990 races – F. Moser Leader SC:
- Color: Solid red with white seattube and downtube panels, with “F. MOSER” in red lettering and chromed chainstay and fork. These bikes maintained the previous season’s red and white paint scheme before quickly introducing the iconic 1990 season pink frames. Although certainly not as flamboyant as the pink paint scheme to come, the use of red more closely matched the team kit colors of red, black, and white.
- Groupset: Dura-Ace 7402 8-spd.
- Early season 1 – F. Moser Leader SC:
- Color: Solid pink with chromed rear triangle and fork, dark blue panels on the downtube and seat tube with “MOSER” in white lettering, and a pink headtube with “MOSER” in dark blue lettering.
- Sponsor decals: Michelin Hi•Lite decals on each chainstay and fork blade, and bright blue SHIMANO decals on each side of the top tube at the head tube junction.
- Groupset: Dura-Ace 7402 8-spd.
- Early season 2 – F. Moser Leader SC:
- Color: Solid pink with chromed rear triangle and fork, dark blue panels on the downtube and seattube with “MOSER” in white lettering, and a pink headtube with a dark blue panel and “MOSER” in white letters.
- Sponsor decals: Michelin Hi•Lite decals on each chainstay, and pink ORIA letters on each fork blade. There were bright blue SHIMANO decals on each side of the toptube at the head tube junction. Of note, is Bugno’s bike during the Giro sporting a different Shimano decal. His bike had slightly smaller Shimano decals with white letters on a dark background.
- Groupset: Generally, Dura-Ace 7402/7403 8-spd with the introduction of Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes.
- May 1990 Mid-late Season – F. Moser Leader AX: By the Giro d’Italia in May, some riders had the AX frame. The full team was kitted out with the AX frame by the time of the Tour de France – see photo of full team at the TdF.
- Color: Pink, blue, and white geometric splinter pattern with “MOSER” in white lettering on the downtube and seattube. The headtube was pink with “MOSER” in dark blue lettering.
- Sponsor decals: Michelin Hi•Lite decals on each chainstay.
- Groupset: Generally, Dura-Ace 7402/7403 with the majority of bikes having Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes. Santaromita was photographed on this frame with Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes at the 1990 Giro. In the same photo, Gianni Bugno is seen on the same frame (though his has a white head tube panel with “F. MOSER” in dark blue letters) using 7402 brake levers and downtube shifters, even still in 1991 on his Gatorade-Chateau d’Ax still using downtube shifter and single pivot brakes. The photograph also shows early season bikes (with Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes) and mid-season bikes with 7402 brake levers and downtube shifters.
- Mid-late Season Oddity – F. Moser Leader AX:
- A couple of photos of the mid-late season show the AX frames sporting a modified color scheme where the dark blue was replaced with a light gray.
- Color: Pink, gray, and white geometric splinter pattern with “MOSER” in white lettering on the downtube and seattube. The headtube was pink with “MOSER” in dark blue lettering.
- Groupset: Generally, Dura-Ace 7402/7403 with the majority of bikes having Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes.
Team Transition to New Components
Despite the introduction of the mid-late season geometric splinter paint scheme and the general adoption of DA-7403 Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes, the team continued to use earlier frames equipped with the 1989 DA-7402 setup.
These older frames were still in use, now mixed with newer ones frequently sporting the latest component gruppo. Period photographs reveal a diverse array of frames and components, showcasing both older and newer setups on both old and new frames. There was no consistent standard throughout the season.
Interestingly, there are instances where the 1989 DA-7402 setup was initially used, then replaced with newer DA-7403 components, only to revert back to the 1989 setup later in the season. This could have been at the rider’s request or due to supply issues from Shimano, as other teams were also beginning to use DA-7403 on their race bikes.
Research into Santaromita’s Bike
Early 1990 Season Observations
Despite extensive research into the 1990 Chateau d’Ax team, I have found only one photo of Santaromita riding the specific frame that is the subject of this article. Numerous photos exist of him on the earlier Moser Leader SC bike with the pink paint scheme and pink headtube (the early season variant), as well as the final iteration featuring the mid-late season pink, blue, and white geometric splinter paint scheme of the Moser Leader AX frames.
However, the photo below from the Coppa Bernocchi race in August 1990 is the only one that shows him riding the Moser Leader SC with the pink and dark blue paint scheme, blue headtube panel, and white Moser lettering.
In my research into Santaromita’s bike history and the team in general, I examined numerous photographs from early 1990 through later races. Initially, all team members started the year with the standard 8-speed Dura-Ace setup continued from 1989, featuring traditional downtube-mounted SIS shift levers and single pivot brakes.
However, the introduction of new Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes varied from race to race. Interestingly, even as late as the World Championship in Stuttgart, Germany, in August 1991, Gianni Bugno was a selective adopter of newer components. He frequently switched between the proven and reliable Dura-Ace 7402 and the then-new and innovative Dura-Ace components.
In fact, there are photos of Bugno as late as October 1992, riding his Gatorade-Château d’Ax Bianchi equipped with downtube shifter and DA-7402 non-Dual-Pivot brakes, all still top of the line componentry.
From Pink to Green: The Continuing Evolution of Chateau d’Ax
For the 1991 season, the Chateau d’Ax-Salotti team underwent a significant transformation, rebranding as the Gatorade-Chateau d’Ax team with Gatorade as the primary sponsor. This rebranding brought a fresh look and renewed energy to the team. They continued to use Moser Leader AX frames, Shimano Dura-Ace components, ITM handlebars and stems, Ambrosio rims, and Michelin tires.
A notable change for 1991 was the introduction of the Selle Italia Flite saddle, replacing the older Vetta saddles. Despite some pro riders’ preference for the Vetta, the Flite, introduced in 1990, quickly became popular for its lightweight design and comfort, especially with the new titanium rails option available in 1991. As seen in the team promotional photo below, the team started the new season with their pink and blue bikes from 1990.
It wasn’t until March that they started to receive their green Gatorade-liveried bikes, and even then, 1990 pink bikes were occasionally used throughout the season.
The new sponsorship deal with Gatorade significantly impacted the team’s color scheme, replacing the iconic pink paint with light green to better align with the primary sponsor. This fresh look not only made the team visually distinctive but also symbolized the new partnership and the team’s dynamic presence in the peloton. Despite the vibrant new green, it was a challenge to outshine the bright solid pink frames from 1990!
1991 Season Highlights
The team continued to be a strong presence in professional cycling in 1991, with notable riders such as Gianni Bugno and Tony Rominger leading the charge. Gianni Bugno as a team leader had an outstanding year, winning the Giro d’Italia and showcasing his all-around capabilities, solidifying his status as one of the top cyclists of his era. The team’s performance was characterized by several key victories and strong showings in major races. The new color scheme and sponsorship brought a fresh look and renewed energy, helping them maintain their competitive edge in the peloton.
Santaromita’s Role
In the 1991 season, Santaromita continued to ride for the newly rebranded Gatorade-Chateau d’Ax team. While he didn’t achieve any major victories this year, he remained an active and valuable member of the team, participating in various races throughout the season. Santaromita’s role in the 1991 team was primarily as a domestiques or support rider, helping his teammates, including stars like Gianni Bugno, who again won the Giro d’Italia that year. Santaromita’s experience and consistency made him a reliable teammate, contributing to the overall success of the team.
Conclusion
Researching the Salotti-Chateau d’Ax team and the events surrounding the production of the subject bike was quite enjoyable. Although I found only one photo of the actual bike in use, this might be due to Mauro-Antonio Santaromita and his teammates being overshadowed by Gianni Bugno. There are numerous photos of Bugno, including several of him riding an identical bike to the subject bike.
We’ll conclude the discussion of the team here, as delving into the Bianchi years would extend beyond the scope of this article, which focuses on the period when the team rode the pink Moser bikes, specifically 1990-1991. However, it’s worth noting Bugno’s deliberate selection of components continuing into the 1992 season.
If you’ve made it this far, I hope you’ve enjoyed the article. Now, let’s delve into the subject of this piece: Mauro-Antonio Santaromita’s pink 1990 Moser Leader SC Chateau d’Ax – Salotti team bike.
Restoration of Santaromita’s 1990 Chateau d’Ax-Salotti Race Bike
Bike Restoration and Components Restoration Details
This bike has been fully restored, showcasing the iconic team pink paint scheme and recreated sponsorship decals. The bike, as purchased, featured a period-correct 8-speed Dura-Ace gruppo, including the following components:
- Crankset: Shimano Dura-Ace, FC-7402 – 170 mm – 52/42, date code OL (12/90)
- Bottom Bracket: Shimano Dura-Ace, BB-7400, date code OL (12/90)
- Shifter: Shimano Dura-Ace, SL-7402, 8-speed SIS
- Front Derailleur: Shimano Dura-Ace, FD-7403, date code OD (04/90)
- Rear Derailleur: Shimano Dura-Ace, RD-7403, date code NI (09/89)
- Headset: Shimano Dura-Ace, HP-7400, date code NF (06/89)
- Levers: Shimano Dura-Ace, BL-7402
- Brakes: Shimano Dura-Ace, BR-7402, single pivot, date code NL (12/89)
- Hubs: Shimano Dura-Ace, 7402, date code OI (09/90)
- Cassette: Shimano Dura-Ace, 8-speed 13-28
- Clipless Pedals: Shimano 105, PD-1056
Additional Components:
- Stem: Black anodized ITM, F. Moser pantograph – 120 mm
- Seat Post: Moser expander type – 27.2 mm
- Handlebar: Black anodized ITM ITALMANUBRI 42 c-c
- Handlebar Tape: Ambrosio Moser Violet-Pink Fade, pattern F56
- Rims:
- Rear: Ambrosio Giro D’Italia Durex Servizio Corse, 700C 32h, clincher
- Front: Ambrosio 19 Elite Durex Servizio Corse, 700C 32h, clincher
- Saddle: Vetta 200, ca. 1990
- Bottle Cages: Elite, ca. 1990
Frame Dimensions:
- Size: 55 cm x 55 cm
- Seat Tube (c-c): 55 cm
- Top Tube (c-c): 55 cm
- Seat Tube (c-t): 60 cm
- Head Tube: 135 mm
- Stand Over Height: 79.5 cm
The Frame: From Flaking Paint to Flawless Finish
The Chateau d’Ax Moser Leader SC team frame, identified by its serial numbers as built for Santaromita, was in generally good condition for a 30+ year old ex-race frame. However, due to severe paint flaking at the bottom bracket, caused by poor paint adhesion to insufficiently prepared chrome, I decided to have the frame professionally repainted in Italy by a painter known for high-quality restorations of significant bikes. Once this was completed and the bike shipped to me in Texas, I moved on to assembling the components for the build.
The stamped initials “SAN” and the number “1289” on the bottom bracket shell indicate that the frame discussed in this article was made in December 1989 for Mauro-Antonio Santaromita’s 1990 Salotti-Chateau d’Ax season debut.
Components and Decision
All of the Dura-Ace components on this bike date back to its 1990 race season, with Shimano date codes from 1989 and 1990, which is typical for a race bike built with available stock during the season. I have retained the original components that came with the bike, making changes only based on personal preference.
All components were and remain fully functional, showing wear typical of an ex-raced bike, in continuous use after it race life is over. The components that were removed have been cleaned, lubricated, and stored for future use, should the next owner wish to reinstall them.
Who knows, I might even decide to reinstall them at some point down the road. As will be discussed in more detail, I decided to build up the restored frame using a mix of the original components and period-correct NOS Dura-Ace 7402/7403 components, ensuring their date codes were appropriate to the timeframe.
Shifting and Braking Systems
One of the most significant changes I’ve made to the bike since I originally purchased it involves the shifting and braking systems. Initially, the bike came with 8-speed downtube shifters and DA-7402 single pivot brakes and brake levers, which were standard at the time.
Given that 1990 was a year of considerable change in team bike componentry, as previously explained, I wanted to experience these innovative components and knew I would likely never build another bike with them. Therefore, I decided to replace the current setup with first-generation Dura-Ace Dual-Control levers and Dual-Pivot brakes, both from 1990.
Through my research, I found photos of this frame type with this setup, ridden by other Chateau d’Ax team members, though not Santaromita. There is photographic evidence of Santaromita’s other bikes; components changing from race to race, so it is not too far-fetched to imagine that this bike could have undergone similar changes.
Drivetrain and Seatpost
The front and rear derailleurs were cleaned, serviced, and reused. The seatpost was similarly refreshed and reused. The DA-7403 crankset that came with the bike had a date code of December 1990, so it certainly was not in use at the time of the photo above and likely wasn’t used during the 1990 season.
However, we know through photos that these frames were further tested in races the following year until the new 1991 frames came out sporting the new green Gatorade livery.
This crankset could very well have been installed in preparation for its use during the 1991 season but I decided to replace it with a similar almost-NOS DA-7403 crankset from my parts collection. The bottom bracket was toast, severely galled and it was replaced with a NOS example with appropriate date code. Likewise, the headset was in very rough condition and replaced with a NOS example.
All components on the bike when I purchased it have been cleaned, lubricated, and packed up for the next owner should they want to reinstall them.
Saddle Restoration
The Vetta 200 saddle the bike came with was in good condition but very faded. I re-dyed the leather, conditioned it, and reglued the underside leather margins. It now looks like a barely broken-in saddle.
Handlebars and Stem
The handlebars and “MOSER” pantographed stem are certainly the same as those used by the team in 1990. I cleaned them up and sourced a period NOS set of Ambrosio handlebar wrap in the distinctive violet-to-pink fade, pattern F61. Most photos show the violet starting at the handlebar ends and finishing with pink towards the center, so that’s how I wrapped these bars.
Interestingly, there are photographic examples of the reverse wrap, with pink at the ends and violet at the center, but those are uncommon. I suspect the team mechanics weren’t too passionate about maintaining a standardized handlebar wrap pattern, even seeing a couple times where white was used.
Wheels: Hubs, Rims, and Tires
The original wheels accompanying the frame were built utilizing a Dura-Ace 7403 hubset paired with a combination of 32-hole anodized Ambrosio clincher rims: an Ambrosio 19 Super Elite rim at the front and an Ambrosio Giro D’Italia rim at the rear. The front rim’s anodization is significantly worn, a condition unlikely to result from a single race season but rather indicative of extensive use over subsequent years.
Historical photographs demonstrate that team bikes were consistently equipped with Ambrosio Giro d’Italia rims front and back, suggesting that the Ambrosio 19 Super Elite rim was a period substitution. The sole photograph of Santaromita with this frame confirms that his bike featured this distinctive combination at that time.
It is highly probable that the wheels, as found, are the same ones utilized during the Coppa Bernocchi race on August 19, 1990. While this mismatched wheelset will be passed on to the next owner, I have opted to assemble a modern wheelset for my personal rides.
Given how hard it is to find 32-hole Ambrosio clincher rims in the US, I decided to go with a set of gray, hard-anodized, H Plus Son TB14 rims, paired with a NOS Dura-Ace 7403 hubset and fitted with modern 25mm Michelin tires. Selected for riding rather than just display (though it would look fantastic as a wall hanger), this setup of wider rims and modern tires will enhance ride quality, handling, and performance, while matching the bike’s original appearance.
Modern reproduction Ambrosio decals were applied before lacing up the rims to finish off the look.
Final Thoughts
I feel incredibly fortunate to have discovered this 1990 Chateau d’Ax team race bike, once ridden by Mauro-Antonio Santaromita. With the resources to restore it to its former glory, I embarked on a complete refinishing of the frame. Although Santaromita was an experienced and valued teammate, he wasn’t as prominent as top-tier racers like Gianni Bugno. Nevertheless, this bike deserves to be appreciated for what it is: a top-tier race bike that competed at a high level.
There are competing thoughts on whether it is appropriate to fully restore a bike or leave it in its present condition. Some believe that to enjoy the bike and prevent further degradation, it should be completely restored, especially if the bike is not of extensive value, making its use and enjoyment more important than its valuation.
Others argue that “it is only original once,” and any restorative efforts will diminish its value. In my opinion, only bikes of the highest collectability warrant the belief that an ex-race bike should not be restored, such as Gianni Bugno’s 1990 season-winning Giro d’Italia bike. With the current depressed valuations of older bikes, particularly those from the 1990s, it makes little sense to adhere strictly to the belief that “it’s only original once,” as the difference in value would be negligible at this point.
This bike isn’t a rare collector’s item that would benefit from minimal restoration. If it were, I would have preserved it in its original condition as best I could, probably with a sympathetic clear coating of the affected areas of the bottom bracket. That might have bought it some years but based on my experience with failing paint over chrome, it would not have been a permanent solution.
Instead, I chose to fully restore it, intending for to be a rider rather than a wall hanger. The bike is incredibly stable and responsive, and its eye-catching color adds to its charm. I’m proud to have restored it, added it to my collection, and to care for it until its next owner comes along.
Due to my overseas work and life, I’ve only had one chance to ride the bike minimally since the restoration and rebuilding were finished. However, I plan to put some miles on it this spring or summer when I am once again home but based on that short hop in my neighborhood, I know that I won’t be disappointed.
Comparing the fillet brazing craftsmanship of the Moser frame to my contemporary 1989 David Tesch S-22 reveals fascinating similarities. Both frames showcase the best of the best in fillet brazing techniques. The Moser frame features meticulous fillet brazing with smooth, large fillets and long feathered edges, ensuring strong, seamless joints that enhance the bike’s stability and responsiveness.
Similarly, the 1989 David Tesch S-22, known for its oversized True Temper steel tubing and stiffness, exhibits exceptional fillet brazing technique as well. Tesch’s approach involved precise and clean joints, and aggressive geometry, contributing to the bike’s quick handling and nimble performance, more suited to US criterium races rather than European stage races.
The S-22’s craftsmanship is a testament to Tesch’s skill and dedication to creating high-quality racing frames. Both the Moser and Tesch frames represent the pinnacle of fillet brazing craftsmanship, with each frame showcasing top-tier techniques that enhance their performance and handling.
Restoring this bike has been a labor of love, honoring the legacy of Chateau d’Ax-Salotti and the dedication of riders like Santaromita. This journey has deepened my appreciation for the craftsmanship and history behind these racing machines. Reflecting on the restoration process, I am reminded of the meticulous care and innovation that went into each component of the bike.
This project has not only been about preserving a piece of cycling history but also about celebrating the spirit of teamwork and excellence that defined Chateau d’Ax-Salotti. Each ride is a tribute to the resilience and innovation that defined the team’s remarkable 1990 season.
Photos of the finished bike
